ASTMD93-02a

Designation:D 93-02aAn American Nafional StandardINTERNATIONALIPDesignation:34/99Standard Test Methods forFlash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D93;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginaladoption or,in the case ofrevision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscriptepsilon (e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of DefenseINTRODUCTIONThis flash point test method is a dynamic test method and depends on definite rates of temperatureincreases to control the precision of the test method.The rate of heating may not in all cases give theprecision quoted in the test method because of the low thermal conductivity of certain materials.Toimprove the prediction of flammability,Test Method D 3941,an equilibrium method,was developedin which the heating rate is slower.This allows the vapor above the test specimen and the testspecimen to be at about the same temperature.If your specifi cation requires Test Method D 93,do notsubstitute Test Method D 3941 or any other test method without obtaining comparative data andagreement from the specifi er.Flash point values are a function of the apparatus design,the condition of the apparatus used,andthe operational procedure carried out.Flash point can therefore only be defi ned in terms of a standardtest method,and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by differenttest methods,or with test apparatus different from that specif ed.1.Scope1.4 These test methods is applicable for the detection of1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the flashcontamination of relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable ma-point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40terials with volatile or flammable materials.to 360C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or1.5 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as thean automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus.standard.The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation only.NorE 1-Flash point determination as above 250C can be performed,however,the precisions have not been determined above this temperature.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of theFor residual fuels,precisions have not been determined for flash pointssafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theabove 100C.responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel,priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-kerosine,heating oil,turbine fuels),new lubricating oils,andbility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazardsstatements,see6.4,7.1,9.3,9.4,11.1.2,11.1.4,and12.1.2.other homogeneous petroleum liquids not included in the scopeof Procedure B.2.Referenced Documents1.3 Procedure